Tecnologia educacional em saúde: prevenção da infecção latente de tuberculose em adolescentes de uma escola pública da cidade de Manaus-AM

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a transmissible disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although, more rarely, it can be caused by the species Mycobacterium bovis, M. africanum and M. microti. It is considered a global public health problem and one of the main causes of death. Its transmission occurs via the respiratory route, through the elimination of aerosols produced by the cough, speech or sneeze of a person with untreated active tuberculosis. It is estimated that approximately a quarter of the world's population is infected with the tuberculosis bacillus, however, without progressing to disease, but may present the latent form of the infection, called latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Objective: To develop an educational technology for adolescents about latent Mycobaterium tuberculosis infection. Methods: This is a descriptive methodological study with a quantitative-qualitative approach, which aims to develop and validate a booklet for health promotion and prevention of LTBI for adolescents in schools, addressing the importance of educational technology as a mechanism for preventing illnesses. The research includes an exploratory Integrative Literature Review (RIL) in the LILACS, PUBMED, BDENF and SCIELO databases, using the descriptors “Latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and adolescents”, “Latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis OR Tuberculosis AND Educational technology”, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from May to December 2022. The target audience's perception of educational technology was assessed through focus groups, with qualitative analysis of speeches using the MaxQDA 2022 software. Results: The RIL was composed of 10 articles, of which only one addressed a technology aimed at adolescents in the prevention of LTBI, the majority of published materials were aimed at health professionals or even students in the health field in general. Regarding the development of educational technology, this process took place in three phases: elaboration, adaptation and validation of educational technology. Discussion: The development and validation of the educational booklet aimed at adolescents on LTBI fills a significant gap in the promotion of public health in relation to tuberculosis. The RIL carried out in the study reveals a shortage of educational technologies for this audience, highlighting the relevance and need for educational interventions that serve adolescents. Conclusion: The booklet proved to be valid after evaluation by experts and adolescents, as a means of spreading information, knowledge and promoting tuberculosis prevention among adolescents, as it meets the 80% parameter proposed in the methodology of this study.