Saneamento básico e arbovirose: uma análise temporal e espacial de 7 Anos em Humaitá, Amazonas

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is a vector with high potential for transmitting epidemiological diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, posing serious public health risks. These diseases have intensified in urban areas, where the mosquito finds ideal conditions for reproduction, feeding on human blood and using containers with stagnant water to lay eggs. Tropical regions, such as the municipality of Humaitá (AM), present climatic and infrastructure conditions that favor its proliferation, especially in areas with precarious housing and lack of adequate basic sanitation. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between basic sanitation conditions and the incidence of arboviruses in Humaitá from 2018 to 2024. Secondary data regarding solid waste collection, stormwater drainage, water supply, and sewage disposal were used and correlated with epidemiological records from the Municipal Health Secretariat, the DATASUS system, and the Amazonas Health Surveillance Foundation (FVS). The analyses identified approximately 1,081 cases of arboviruses, with 60.5% recorded in peripheral neighborhoods. Statistical correlation indicated that poor sanitation directly influences the incidence of these diseases. It was also observed that, with the implementation of measures by the new Endemic Management administration, there was a significant 92.2% reduction in cases between 2023 and 2024, demonstrating the effectiveness of control and prevention actions. The results reinforce the importance of sanitation infrastructure as an essential tool for arbovirus control and public health promotion, as well as highlighting the need for public policies aimed at improving environmental and social conditions for the most vulnerable populations.