Gestão escolar: O Projeto Político-Pedagógico e o Conselho Escolar, instrumentos de democratização da escola pública em tempos de avanço do conservadorismo nacional e local ?

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the practice of democratic school management in public schools in the municipality of Manaus, emphasizing the role of the Political-Pedagogical Project (PPP) and the School Council as fundamental instruments for the democratization of school management. It proceeds from the premise that political changes occurring at national and local levels since 2016—marked by the strengthening of conservative and reactionary perspectives—may have caused setbacks in participatory processes within schools, following various advances achieved under the 1988 Federal Constitution and the 1996 Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education. The study aimed to analyze the school community's involvement in school activities and their participation in the development of the Political-Pedagogical Project and the School Council, as well as to identify whether the national and local conservative political movement has influenced democratic progress. It is grounded in the historical-critical perspective, drawing particularly on the contributions of Antonio Gramsci and Dermeval Saviani, who view the school as a space for social contestation, the formation of critical consciousness, and the transformation of reality. This qualitative study was conducted in ten public schools in Manaus, involving principals, pedagogical coordinators, and teachers. Data collection was carried out using an open-ended questionnaire designed to capture participants' perceptions regarding democratic management, school community participation, and the challenges faced in the implementation and practice of the PPP and the School Council. The research results indicate that setbacks have occurred following the rise to power of groups holding conservative and reactionary views, directly impacting the school community's participation and involvement in school processes. Keywords: School Community; School Council; Conservatism; Democratic Management; Participation; Political-Pedagogical Project.