Desenvolvimento e padronização de produto seco por aspersão a partir das sementes de Dipteryx odorata (cumaru)

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times in the treatment of various pathologies, such as Dipteryx odorata - tonka bean, rich in coumarin, which makes it a species with several pharmacological properties. The objective is to obtain a spray-dried extract from tonka bean seeds. An experimental methodology was used, where the seeds (P01, P02, P03) and the cake were processed and characterized. The extractive solution (ES) was obtained from a 23 factorial design, totaling 8 experiments, with the following variables: solvent type (40% and 80% hydroalcoholic), drug:solvent ratio (5% and 10%) and extraction method (dynamic maceration and reflux decoction), and its characterization was performed. The spray-dried extract (ESA) was obtained in a spray dryer, and characterized according to moisture content and drying yield. The cytotoxic activity of SE and ESA was evaluated, as well as the qualification and quantification of coumarin by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The moisture and ash contents of the samples were within the standards established in the literature (≤ 12% and ≤ 4% respectively). In the extractive content, it was possible to extract significant amounts of substances from the plant drug, with greater extraction for the cake, while the granulometry classified the ground seeds as coarse powder and the ground cakes as moderately coarse powder. All SE were slightly acidic and the relative density was below that recommended in the literature (0, 8990 to 1, 020 g/mL). The SE with the highest dry residues were those obtained from experiments 3, 4, 7 and 8 of the factorial, which were dried in a spray dryer, with the highest yield being the ESA obtained from the SE of experiment 7 (40% hydroalcoholic solvent, 10 g of plant drug and decoction) (32, 20%). Thus, the ESA of the cake was obtained following the same experiment, presenting a higher drying yield (57, 94%) and moisture content of 6, 95%. In the TLC, the presence of coumarin was observed in the SE and ESA and absence of umbelliferone in all samples, with a retention factor between 0, 5 and 0, 68. In HPLC, the presence of coumarin was confirmed in the SE and ESA. Partial validation showed that the SE of the seeds and cake are linear and have acceptable precision for validation of an analytical method. Cytotoxicity studies verified that in the SE, cell viability was significantly reduced at the highest concentration tested in the period of 72 h, while the ESA obtained from the cake did not present a cytotoxic effect at the concentrations tested. Therefore, the SE obtained by experiment 7 of the factorial is the most suitable for obtaining an ESA, with better drying yield than that obtained from the ground cake. In addition, it was possible to prove the cytotoxicity of the extractive solutions obtained from the seeds and its absence in the extractive solution obtained from the seed cake. These results demonstrate and prove that cumuru seeds should be used with caution by the general population.