Identificar o perfil microbiológico de pacientes hospitalizados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica Pública de Manaus/AM

Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) remain a significant challenge in hospital settings, especially in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), HAIs affect hundreds of millions of patients worldwide each year, negatively impacting clinical outcomes, prolonging hospital stays, and increasing healthcare costs. Justification: Accurate identification of microorganisms through microbiological iagnostics, along with the clinical characteristics of patients, are essential tools that can support targeted therapeutic treatment. This, in turn, contributes to the understanding of the microbiological profiles of pathogens, especially multidrug-resistant ones, affecting children and adolescents hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Pronto Socorro da Criança da Zona Oeste (HPSCZO) in Manaus, Amazonas. Objective: To determine the microbiological profile of isolates from children and adolescents hospitalized in the ICU of HPSCZO in Manaus, Amazonas, from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. Method: A retrospective, descriptive, and analytical cohort study will be conducted, involving children and adolescents hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of HPSCZO in Manaus, AM, in the period from 2022 to 2023. Results: During this period, 338 patients were included in the PICU study cohort. These patients underwent a total of 1,701 cultures, resulting in an average of 5.1 microbiological cultures performed and analyzed per patient. The overall microbiological positivity rate was 7.7%. Blood cultures were the most frequently collected specimen type, followed by tracheal aspirates. The most prevalent microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resistance profile analysis revealed a high frequency of multidrug-resistant strains, notably the presence of MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production by K. pneumoniae and E. coli.