Sistematização de indicadores de sustentabilidade no contexto da atuação da Operação Amazônia Nativa em sistemas agroflorestais

Abstract

In recent years, forest cover restauration has emerged as one of the main activities in environmental management in indigenous lands. Since its use can also bring benefits related to territory use and occupation and socioeconomic gains contributing to a more sustainable territorial development, and, in addition, bringing environmental gains. In this context, the use of agroforestry systems (AFS) is shown to be one of the main strategies for forest recovery, since they are considered more sustainable than other types of vegetation cover, and an alternative to intensive production systems. Despite the importance of SAFs in the theme of forest cover recovery, in general, the works that consider the assessment of the sustainability of these systems fail to consider several aspects/factors that can have a significant influence on the decision for their adoption and the proper implementation by rural producers. in potential. Given the benefits of these systems, this work aimed to deepen the knowledge about the factors related to their sustainability, as well as to establish guidelines for the improvement of their use. Therefore, through a literature review and observing the operation of the Purus Roots Project and Environmental and Territorial Management in Indigenous Lands - PGTA, factors related to SAFs were raised and, applying a technique based on the methodological framework "Sustainability of Agriculture and Natural Resources – SARN”, a conceptual model was developed to systematize and evaluate sustainability indicators for SAFs. As a result, 98 indicators were obtained, which were systematized into levels of descriptors, significant elements, significant categories and evaluation dimensions, comprising the following distribution by dimension: Environmental - 40 indicators (41%); Sociocultural - 28 indicators (29%); Economic -18 indicators (18%) and Political-Institutional -12 indicators (12%). The proposed structure for the systematization of the indicators provides a qualitative and systemic assessment of the sustainability of the resources and operations involved in the SAFs in general, thus being able to subsidize the appointment of guidelines for the improvement of their use in the different realities of the hydrographic basins of southern Brazil. State of Amazonas. Most indicators are quick and inexpensive to apply, relying on direct visual assessments and interviews. Only for the minority of indicators it will be necessary to carry out laboratory analyzes and/or more elaborate calculations.