Estratégias adaptativas às alterações climáticas considerando o conhecimento ecológico local de pescadores artesanais da Amazônia Central

Abstract

Artisanal fisheries in the Amazon depend on hydrological dynamics and are therefore highly sensitive to extreme flood and drought events. This study analyzed the adaptive strategies of fishers in the Central Amazon, considering the influence of fisheries access regimes. Data were collected through participatory workshops conducted in communities with fishing agreements and in open-access areas, organized into analytical categories, and analyzed using 11 R software. Socio-ecological networks were constructed, and a permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was applied. The results showed that during flood periods, operational strategies predominated, whereas during drought periods, there was a greater diversity of responses, particularly economic diversification and food security strategies. Differences in dominant strategies were also observed between access regimes. PERMANOVA results indicated significant differences between both regimes and hydrological events. We conclude that environmental and institutional factors influence adaptive responses, reflecting different levels of vulnerability and adaptive capacity.