Análise do discurso do processo de ressocialização penal brasileiro: Crítica a partir de Foucault

Abstract

Analyzing the discourse of resocialization in the Brazilian prison system aims to break paradigms in the history of this system, to enter a historical field compromised by the various misconceptions that previous societies left as a social legacy based on the idea of punishing, reinserting and controlling. It is specifically to create an epistemological field of study within Linguistic Theory and Analysis, capable of discussing this prison issue in a scientific manner, in order to produce dense and concrete material on the results that the issue establishes in Brazilian society. Reflections based on bibliographic accounts of people who have been incarcerated, such as Henri Charrière, (1982) Luiz Alberto Mendes, (2009) and the author Manuela D'ávila, (2018) who wrote about the incarcerated, will develop subterfuges in divergence with the discourse of resocialization preached by the national state in its data and official sources, according to the National Penitentiary Department DEPEN, (2023) and the government itself, Brazil (2023). Starting from language to explain problems related to linguistics at all levels, the work relies on Bakhtin, (2006), Calvet, (2002) and Rajagopalan, (2003). The methodology starts from a phenomenological study of the data in crisis within the data itself, carrying out bibliographical approaches, observing the reports in publications such as books, theses, dissertations, articles, monographs, book chapters and pre-project, raising theses and assumptions, based on works in the area of methodology in Kuhn, (2013), Umberto Eco, (2010) and Yin, (2001). For the study of Discourse Analysis, Freire, (2006) is the conceptual basis brought as the historical and social foundation of this subject of Analysis. All of this is processed through a series of analyses based on Foucault, (2014) with the area of discourse, power, control, surveillance and punishment and other analyses by the sociologist, as well as other studies in parallel to these will be used as bibliographic support for this work. This process leads to categories such as prejudice, misery, chaos, control, power, money, corruption, prison, torture, suffering, among others, but mainly to a category that will have priority, recidivism, which processed with the data will lead to results that aim to establish an understanding of the Brazilian prison issue, with the aim of publishing relevant results for the entire scientific community and society as a whole. The work is justified because it is a priority as a national and regional issue, since day after day, overcrowding and recidivism increase, and cases of crime in Brazil do not decrease. This clearly shows that the current system is not working, and there is an urgent need for work and research around this issue, to establish a line of search for solutions that alleviate all the negative issues of this system.