Procedência da Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. (massaranduba) para prevenção ao desmatamento ilegal e conservação na Amazônia

Abstract

Illegal deforestation in the Amazon is one of the main threats to biodiversity and the sustainability of natural resources. This study aims to predict the geographic distribution of Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. current and future in climate change scenarios, propose and validate innovative methodology to trace the geographical origin of the wood species aiming at preventing illegal deforestation and conservation. From the distribution of the species obtained from open databases and field sampling it was possible to study ecological modeling, using climatic and edaphic variables. Samples of wood of the species were analyzed by mass spectrometry with isotopic ratio triple reactor to standardize carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) analysis. The standardization included criteria for sample preparation, isotopic analysis and data validation. Wood samples from ten individuals from 13 locations: Amazonas (4), Pará (5), Roraima (2) and Rondônia (2) were taken from living trees, prepared, analyzed and compared for δ13C and δ15N. To study the isotopic fractionation along the productive chain of the species, 15 trees were selected in the municipality of Itapiranga, AM and followed from collection to industrial processing. Samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry with standardized measurements. The results of ecological modeling show that the species has a wide distribution in the Amazon. In future scenarios, the species tends to be extinct from the forests of Tocantins and Amapá in both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. The standardized analysis methodology produces reliable results for δ13C and δ15N analysis. Ten trees of the same species with three samples taken at chest height are sufficient to characterize the isotopic signature of a population. In addition, it was found that the isotopic signatures of δ13C and δ15N remain stable along the wood production chain, ensuring the reliability of the technique at different stages of industrial processing. The findings of this research contribute to the improvement of public policies aimed at forest protection, as well as ensure the conservation of the species in vulnerable areas of the Amazon. The study reinforces the need for interdisciplinary approaches to the conservation of natural resources in the Amazon, consolidating innovative techniques that can support environmental surveillance, the sustainability of forest management and the development of more efficient strategies against illegal deforestation, ensuring greater transparency in the commercialization of native Amazon timber and in the fight against environmental crimes.