Experimentação no ensino de Física: estratégias investigativas para promover a aprendizagem significativa dos conceitos de Física no primeiro ano do Ensino Médio

Abstract

The study investigated experimentation strategies in Physics education, with the ge-neral objective of promoting learning through an investigative teaching e-book, using it as a strategy to enhance the understanding of Physics in everyday life and to foster Meaningful Learning (ML) of concepts in the first year of high school. The research was structured in five stages: diagnosis of students' difficulties, development of didactic material, validation by experts, classroom testing, and comparison of results. The diagnosis conducted with Physics teachers in Coari indicated that students had greater difficulty with topics such as uniform circular motion (15.4%) and the application of Newton's laws (11.5%). Based on this data, an e-book validated by experts was developed, which achieved a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 1.00 (100%). Testing demonstrated a significant improvement in student per-formance, with a 43.72% increase in learning in the group that used the e-book compared to the group that followed traditional methods. The results indicate that investigative methodo-logies and the use of digital tools are effective in enhancing Physics education, highlighting the importance of pedagogical innovation in basic education.To achieve this goal, the fol-lowing specific objectives were defined: to carry out a detailed diagnosis to identify the main Physics topics that students find most difficult to understand, in order to plan appro-priate pedagogical strategies for learning development; to create and validate an educational product by developing materials and activities that meet students’ needs and assessing their impact on performance; to investigate whether the use of the educational product helps stu-dents identify and understand physical principles in everyday situations; to analyze the ef-fects of applying active methodologies in Physics teaching regarding student participation and learning; and to evaluate the impact of an investigative approach on the development of curiosity and critical thinking in Physics students in Coari.