Avaliação da atividade bactericida do óleo-resina de copaíba (copaifera langsdorffii desf.) e de duas marcas comerciais como fonte de subsídios científicos para o desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos no setor agropecuário

Abstract

Brazilian Amazon biodiversity represents a vast repository of bioactive compounds, emerging as a strategic alternative in response to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance in the agricultural sector. This dissertation investigated the potential of copaiba oil (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.) as a sustainable substitute for conventional antibiotics, based on systematic reviews and an experimental study focused on animal health. Chapter 1. Medicinal plants found in the Brazilian Amazon with antimicrobial potential against Gramnegative bacterial strains: a systematic review. The work consisted of a systematic review dedicated to medicinal plants from the Amazon with activity against Gram-negative bacteria, using databases such as Google Scholar and SciELO for the period from 2019 to 2024. The methodology involved selecting nine relevant studies highlighting the effectiveness of species, especially Copaifera spp., mainly against pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The results confirmed that, although the Amazon region hosts numerous species with significant pharmacological potential, few scientific studies investigate this in a meaningful and detailed way, with less than 1% of the flora studied, emphasizing the urgency of research that values local biodiversity as a source of new therapeutic agents. Chapter 2. Antimicrobial potential of Copaifera spp. species: a systematic review as a scientific basis for bioeconomy in the Amazon. The systematic review focused specifically on the genus Copaifera spp. and its relation to the Amazonian bioeconomy, analyzing publications between 2015 and 2025 in the Web of Science database. Out of 40 identified articles, 8 were selected for directly addressing the antimicrobial efficacy of the resin oil extracted from this genus. The findings indicated that Copaifera reticulata showed the most promising results, demonstrating that chemical composition and biological activity vary according to species, climate, and environment. It was concluded that the sustainable use of this resource is highly important to strengthen the region's bioeconomy, accompanied by public policies for environmental conservation.Chapter 3. Antimicrobial potential of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. resin oil as a sustainable alternative to conventional antimicrobiin the agricultural sector. The experimental study aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. resin oil against bacteria relevant to the agricultural sector, by comparing commercial oils with resin oil extracted directly from the Amazon region. The methodology involved collecting the oil in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, followed by conducting Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) tests against strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The results revealed that while the commercial samples did not inhibit bacterial growth, the resin oil extracted directly from the Amazon rainforest showed significant bactericidal activity. Thus, copaiba oil demonstrates evident potential as an antimicrobial agent, proving to be a viable option for reducing the use of synthetic drugs in the agricultural sector, thereby aligning with principles of sustainability.