Percepção socioambiental da paisagem urbana no ensino de Geografia na educação básica: a ocupação irregular em áreas alagáveis nas pequenas cidades amazônicas

Abstract

Climate change and global warming, driven primarily by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation, require a profound shift in humanity's approach. Sustaining our way of life in the 21st century requires a new societal stance toward environmental stewardship. Therefore, Environmental Education is essential for raising awareness and engaging the population in solving emerging problems. From this perspective, the objective of this research project was to develop a methodology to stimulate socio- environmental awareness among students and teachers in basic education regarding the dynamics of the urban landscape, fostering critical thinking related to the environmental perspective and the oral history of the construction of the space/place of a floodplain located in the Pera I neighborhood of Coari, municipality of Coari, Amazonas. This study was based on research and interaction with teachers from a municipal public school in Coari. This study employed bibliographical, documentary, oral history, and participatory research involving 36 8th-grade students and 5 teachers. We focused on the importance of addressing the environmental transformations and impacts currently occurring in urban spaces and aligned the objectives of the activities with those recommended in the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN 2030 Agenda. This is a qualitative and applied study, with the researcher directly interacting with the phenomenon under investigation. Triangulation was performed: using a variety of sources, theories, and methods that contributed to a reflective discussion of the collected data in light of reality. The research process generated an initial product, which was discussed with teachers in previous workshops. The product considered the perception of the urban landscape from an environmental perspective for teaching geography in basic education. In a survey of the students, the results revealed that 75% of the students were unfamiliar with the concept of landscape, and 72% of them were unfamiliar with the concept of urban landscape. After applying the teaching sequence proposed in this study, a new assessment of the acquired knowledge was conducted. The results showed that 89% of the students assimilated these concepts, with 83% correctly identifying the elements that make up the urban landscape, demonstrating their understanding. Regarding knowledge about the formation of the Pera I neighborhood, interest and critical perception of socio-environmental changes and the current context of the neighborhood were observed. 89% of the students reported learning about the origins of the neighborhood, its first residents, the pollution of the stream, and the socio- environmental problems present in this area. 94% stated that this knowledge would be important in daily life. "Landscape Perception and the Environmental Context in Geography Teaching in Basic Education: Critical Reflection on the Occupation of Floodplains in the Urban Structuring of Small Amazonian Cities" was developed as a pedagogical resource and can be applied in any grade from the final years of elementary school to high school, with adaptations to each situation