Análise das relações entre saúde, gênero e trabalho de discentes de programas de residência de hospital universitário federal

Abstract

The Health Residency is configured as an in-service education modality aimed at the specialized training of health professionals, encompassing both Medical Residency and Professional Area Residency in Health, coordinated by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health. Within this framework, this research aims to analyze the relationship between health, gender, and work among female students enrolled in professional residency programs — medical and multiprofessional — at the Getúlio Vargas University Hospital (HUGV) in Manaus. Grounded in the theoretical perspective of Workers’ Health, articulated with the ergological framework of Schwartz and Durrive (2021) and the “knot theory” (Saffioti, 2013), the study seeks to understand how these workers produce and reproduce their activities amid daily demands, exploring the effects of gender markers on health and work organization. Drawing on Canguilhem’s (2005) conception of health — understood as the dynamic capacity to interpret and respond to one’s environment —, this research conceives work as a living activity situated between the prescribed and the real, requiring the mobilization of the body-self, practical intelligence, and the continuous negotiation of values and norms. In this sense, Ergology provides a strong theoretical and methodological framework for understanding how workers reinterpret institutional prescriptions and produce renormalizations, transforming their practices amid precarious, overloaded, and unequal conditions. The study also relies on debates about the sexual division of labor and gender relations, as discussed by Hirata (2018) and Hirata and Kergoat (2020), recognizing that female residents face double or triple work shifts, wage disparities, and the invisibility of their subjective experiences in academic literature. The bibliographic review conducted in national and international databases (SciELO, LILACS, BVS, PePsic, BDTD, among others) revealed a lack of studies on professional residency programs in the Northern region and a scarcity of analyses that consider gender as a variable, unveiling a fertile yet underexplored research field. Thus, this study aims to advance research in the human and social sciences applied to health by expanding the understanding of women’s work in hospital contexts and the psychosocial implications of work organization and training conditions. Aligned with the research line Psychosocial Processes, this proposal connects with the broader faculty project on the interface between health, subjectivity, and work, privileging the standpoint of women workers and their subjective experiences in labor activity. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the social and scientific relevance of the research within the Amazonian context, recognizing the pioneering role of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) in producing knowledge on gender and workers’ health, thereby contributing to public policies more attuned to regional inequalities and to women’s experiences in health education and labor.