Vulnerabilidade da paisagem à perda de solos na bacia hidrográfica do Igarapé da Agrovila, TEFÉ-AM

Abstract

The study of landscape vulnerability to soil loss is of fundamental importance in identifying areas susceptible to environmental impacts arising from the appropriation of nature by society, in which its intensity and probability are conditioned by changes in nature. The aim of this research was to analyze the vulnerability of the landscape to soil loss in the Igarapé da Agrovila Tefé-AM watershed, seeking to understand the processes of land use and transformations in the landscape by analyzing the physical-natural elements, diagnosing the different degrees of vulnerability of the landscape to soil loss based on the interrelationships between the variables. From this perspective, the methodology proposed by Crepani et al. (2001) was used, adapted for this study of landscape vulnerability. This method is based on the principles of Ecodynamics proposed by Tricart (1977). As for the procedures, this study used the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method to prioritize the variables, where weights were assigned to each variable. In this context, the following variables were analyzed: Land Use and Vegetation Cover, Terrain Slope, Soil, Geology and Rainfall Erosivity, and identification was carried out based on the degree of vulnerability of each variable classified as Very Low, Low, Moderate, High and Very High. This approach emphasizes the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which was used as a tool to understand the relationship between the physical and natural environments, seeking to understand how these factors influence the vulnerability of the landscape to soil loss in the area in question. The results showed that 56.09% of the Igarapé da Agrovila Tefé-AM watershed is low vulnerability and 42.04% is moderate vulnerability. This model makes it easier to locate and diagnose vulnerable areas in the Igarapé da Agrovila Tefé-AM watershed. Based on this, considering that the use of environmental techniques and diagnoses are essential in identifying areas that are in a state of environmental vulnerability, the importance of establishing appropriate environmental planning should be made explicit, as well as guidelines for implementing public policies in these areas.