Avaliação de polimorfismos em genes de mediadores inflamatórios e o risco de desenvolvimento de câncer de próstata: achados de metanálise

Abstract

The term neoplasia refers to a group of genetically driven syndromes that result in uncontrolled cellular proliferation, accompanied by phenotypic alterations and progressive tissue damage. In Brazil, an estimated 71,730 new cases of prostate cancer are expected annually between 2023 and 2025, making it the second most common malignancy among men in the country. Several studies have investigated the association between genetic variants in immune mediators and prostate cancer risk; however, the available findings remain heterogeneous and variable across studies.To address this gap, a systematic search was conducted in major scientific databases to identify case–control, exploratory, and validation studies evaluating polymorphisms in immune response genes associated with prostate cancer susceptibility. Data extracted from eligible studies were analyzed using heterogeneity tests and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A Bayesian approach was subsequently applied to calculate the false-positive report probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP), in order to assess the noteworthiness of previously published meta-analytic findings, adopting thresholds of P<0.02 for FPRP and P<0.08 for BFDP. A total of 18 meta- analyses comprising 17 polymorphisms in genes encoding immune mediators were identified. Among the 432 Bayesian estimates performed, only 1.76% (FPRP) and 6.76% (BFDP) met the predefined noteworthiness criteria, restricting the strongest evidence to the polymorphisms IL1B rs1143627 and IL18 rs1946518. These findings suggest that both variants may represent promising biomarkers of prostate cancer risk. Gene–gene and protein–protein interaction networks were subsequently constructed using the GeneMania and STRING platforms to further explore the biological relevance of the implicated genes.