Acesso à justiça e sustentabilidade na Amazônia: desafios e perspectivas de uma comunidade tradicional as margens da Rodovia Federal BR-319 – Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

Addressing the challenges of access to justice and sustainability in a traditional community near BR-319. The Sagrado Coração de Jesus community is located in the municipality of Careiro da Várzea, between kilometer 52 and kilometer 54 of BR-319 by the new DNIT demarcation and is bathed by the Autaz Mirim River. The objective of this research was to identify the challenges of access to justice and sustainability of a traditional community on the banks of BR-319 and how they are being assisted with regard to free, prior, and informed consultation and public hearings regarding the possibility of restructuring or reconstruction of the BR-319 highway and how it will affect them in the long term. A semi-structured descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with a qualitative and quantitative approach, containing 52 open and closed questions and the use of the Likert scale, to explore the application of free, prior and informed consultation, as well as public hearings, examining their impact on the community and their involvement in the decision-making process related to the restructuring or reconstruction of BR-319, which can significantly shape the future of the traditional community. Impacts may include changes in access to natural resources, displacement of communities, environmental impacts, and socioeconomic changes. The sustainability of the community will depend on the effectiveness of the mitigating measures implemented and the continuous consideration of their needs and perspectives throughout the decision-making process. Finally, human rights violations resulting from state omission and the absence of integrated public policies are evident. The restructuring of BR-319 requires the strengthening of socio-environmental justice mechanisms and the effective participation of traditional communities. The incorporation of their voices in the decision-making process is essential. It is recommended that studies be expanded to cover other territories that are equally impacted.