Aspectos botânicos, biológicos e químicos das plantas medicinais em uma comunidade ribeirinha no Sul do Amazonas

Abstract

Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants plays a fundamental role in maintaining health in riverside communities of the Amazon, where access to conventional healthcare services is often limited. This study aimed to understand the botanical, biological, and sociocultural aspects related to the use of medicinal plants in the Cassianã community, located in the municipality of Lábrea, Amazonas state, Brazil. The research was conducted in July 2024 using a qualitative approach, based on semi- structured interviews with 16 community members. All ethical procedures were followed, with approval from the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) and registration in the National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge (SisGen). The data revealed a demographic profile predominantly composed of women (81%), with a high incidence of incomplete primary education (50%) and stable unions (56%). Agriculture is the main economic activity (94%). Knowledge about medicinal plants was found to be more prominent among older residents, who are recognized as knowledge keepers in the community. A total of 43 medicinal plant species were identified, with the most frequently cited being Ocimum basilicum (alfavaca), Portulaca pilosa (amor-crescido), Peumus boldus (boldo), Copaifera langsdorffii (copaíba), and Kalanchoe pinnata (corama). The most used plant parts were leaves (80.63%), with decoction being the most common method of preparation (59.63%). The most frequently treated ailments were flu, urinary tract infections, and stomach pain. The findings highlight the importance of traditional knowledge as a primary health care strategy and its role in preserving cultural identity and ancestral knowledge. The strong female presence in maintaining these practices reinforces the central role of women in sustaining popular knowledge and the resilience of Amazonian communities.