Ela vai para estudar e me ajudar em casa: vivências subjetivas de mulheres amazônidas a partir da inserção no trabalho doméstico

Abstract

Work is an essential part of the individual's psychological construction and therefore also becomes a determinant of health in the social sphere. The study of work should cover the most diverse spaces, giving due importance to the reproductive work that exists in our society. The division of labor refers to social relations, and the sexual division of labor refers to the relationship between men and women in matters of the social division of labor, including the allocation of domestic work. To think about work, with the development of the concept of the sexual division of labor, the idea of the “family” institution as a space for productive work emerged. The ancient tradition of sponsorship is still present today, and is usually developed in families with better financial conditions, under the pretext of bringing a family member who lacks social and financial conditions to study. Domestic work first emerged for women who were children of the forest as a search for something new, then as a survival strategy, followed by a sense of captivity shrouded in trauma and social inequalities. However, the reality is that these relationships mask labor exploitation and conditions analogous to slavery. Women experience situations of vulnerability, based on inequalities, exclusions and discrimination due to our society's history of colonialism, slavery and patriarchy. Domestic work is one of the oldest and most important jobs in Brazil, taking place in employers' homes, in direct and intimate contact, ambivalent, crossed by affections, intimacies, as well as the exercise of work. The aim of this study is to analyze the subjective relations of domestic work in the family home carried out by women who leave the interior of states in the northern region to live and work in the city of Manaus/AM. Methodologically, this research has a qualitative approach and is characterized as descriptive, using the theoretical framework of the Psychodynamics of Work (PDT) and Intersectionality (race, gender and class) in the process of analyzing the life and work trajectory of these Amazonian women, contemplating experiences of pleasure-suffering, the organization of work, defense strategies and coping strategies of these domestic workers. Translated with DeepL.com (free version) Three (3) women who worked as domestic workers in the city of Manaus during their childhood, adolescence or early adulthood took part in the study. During this time, they came from the interior of states in the northern region with the intention of studying in the capital. The content of the interviews was systematized and analysed using Sense Nucleus Analysis (SNA). The results obtained lead to an understanding of a reality in which Amazonian women are offered study and housing in exchange for helping with household chores, but which masks situations of exploitation of labor in domestic work. Due to these circumstances, these women have experienced situations of exploitation, oppression, harassment, physical and psychological abuse, humiliation, precariousness, subordination, inequality and discrimination