Diversidade genética e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos entre progênies de meios-irmãos de Guaranazeiro

Abstract

The guaranazeiro [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] is a species native to the Amazon region that is of great socioeconomic importance due to the high commercial value of its seeds. Domesticated by the Sateré-Mawé indigenous people in the Maués region (AM), guarana is notable for its energetic, antioxidant, and medicinal properties. Brazil is the only commercial producer of this crop in the world, supplying both domestic and international markets. This study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity and estimate genetic parameters based on morphoagronomic traits and fruit production (g plant⁻¹) of guaranazeiro progenies. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, in Manaus-AM, with six half-sibling progenies, in a randomized block design, with three replicates and eight plants per plot. Genetic diversity was estimated using the Gower coefficient and grouped using the UPGMA method. Genetic and phenotypic production parameters were estimated using the REML/BLUP procedure. Considering the selection of the three best individuals (plants 33-P207, 5-P64, and 105-P207), the average production of the progenies, initially 3,992.23 g plant⁻¹, would increase to 5,294.37 g plant⁻¹, representing a gain of 32.6 % in relation to the average of the experiment. Progenies P207 and P64 show potential for use as open pollination varieties and for cloning superior individuals using individuals 33, 5, and 105 and their seeds to open third-generation progenies for evaluation. Genetic diversity analysis indicated low diversity among progenies, with the formation of two genetic groups.