Economia Circular como base para Gestão Sustentável de Resíduos Sólidos do Polo Industrial de Manaus

Abstract

The advancement of large-scale industrialization, as a standard of global industrial development based on linear production (Cradle-to-Grave), has generated significant impacts on global socioeconomic and environmental conditions. This is due to the massive exploitation of natural resources and the indiscriminate disposal of solid waste. The linear production model, which is solely concerned with supplying production processes and discarding at the end, no longer meets the expectations of sustainable development required by an increasingly conscious society and a market seeking the longevity of industrialization. Industrial Solid Waste (ISW) is one of the main problems generated by industrialization, with a high potential to cause environmental damage. In this context, stakeholders in industrial production have encouraged the pursuit of new methodologies for sustainable environmental management, aiming to minimize risks. The research presented in this thesis discusses waste management in one of Brazil's main industrial production scenarios: the Manaus Industrial Hub (MIH). This hub hosts more than 400 industries that receive government incentives to operate in the Amazon. Despite stringent environmental legislation, the production model in the MIH remains linear, inefficient, and unsustainable, lacking dialogue with international discussions on environmental protection in the Amazon. The Circular Economy is proposed as an alternative to promote real and sustainable change in the MIH. The thesis consists of a bibliometric, bibliographic, and documentary research, aiming to present the Circular Economy as a sustainable alternative for managing industrial solid waste in the Manaus Industrial Hub (MIH). Initially, a bibliometric survey of scientific production on Circular Economy and related themes was conducted, using platforms such as Scopus and Web of Science. Subsequently, a bibliographic research was developed to contextualize solid waste management, legislation, and the application of the Circular Economy. The research reveals that the implementation of Circular Economy practices in the MIH can transform industrial waste from a problem into an economic, environmental, and social opportunity, promoting integrated and sustainable management in the Amazon context. The main results demonstrate the need for a more robust governance that encourages circularity and collaboration among industries, aiming for material recovery and waste minimization, thus contributing to the sustainability of the region.