Bioconversão de hortícolas por Pleurotus albidus para desenvolvimento de produto alimentício fibrinolítico e hipocolesterolêmico

Abstract

Edible mushrooms are used for a variety of applications, such as the bioconversion of agricultural products to produce fermented foods rich in bioactive compounds of medicinal importance. These compounds can be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, due to the aggravating factors of high cholesterol levels and the formation of thrombi. The aim of this study was to develop a food product formulated with Pleurotus albidus mycelial mass for use in the prophylaxis and/or aid in the treatment of blood coagulation disorders and hypocholesterolemic action. The species was provided by the Culture Collection - Mycoteca DPUA of the Federal University of Amazonas. To prepare a pure and viable culture, the mushroom was grown on Sabouraud agar supplemented with 0.5% [w/v] yeast extract for seven days at 25 ºC. For the preparation of the food product by bioconversion, tubers of Cará-deespinho (Dioscorea altissima), legume seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and wheat grain (Triticum aestivum) were used. Three 10 mm mycelial discs were removed from the pure culture and transferred to the surface of the sanitized and sterilized agricultural products. These cultures were kept at 25 °C in the absence of light for eight days in triplicate. At the end of the growth period, fibrinolytic protease activity was determined in the products obtained and the extract with significant fibrinolytic activity was subjected to biochemical characterization. Tests were also carried out to inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl co-reductase (HMGROs), evaluate the nutritional composition and microbiological quality of the products. Significant fibrinolytic activity (850.20 a±0.10) was determined in the Horseshoe Bean cultures. These enzymes showed significant catalytic activity at pH 7.0 at 50ºC, maintained stability in the pH range of 6.0 to 8.0 and temperature of 40 to 60ºC, were inhibited by Zn 2+, Fe2+ and K+ and classified as serine proteases. With regard to the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coreductase, pigeonpea showed significant inhibition (73.22%), demonstrating potential for reducing cholesterol formation. In terms of nutritional composition, black-eyed peas and wheat grain were significant, with a high amount of proteins, carbohydrates and energy value. All the foods produced had characteristics suitable for consumption, characterizing them with microbiological quality. The bioconversion of P. albidus in the vegetables tested proved to be innovative foods with high nutritional and medicinal value and a source of other compounds that contribute to human well-being and health.