Traços e tons: a diversidade étnica na criação de retratos nas aulas de arte do ensino fundamental II

Abstract

The present research entitled "Traces and Tones: Ethnic Diversity in the Creation of Portraits in Elementary School Art Classes", sought to develop portrait creations, analyzing the variety of skin tones and facial features existing among students so that they realized that they are part of the Brazilian ethnic diversity. 8 (eight) students were chosen, 4 (four) from the 8th grade and 4 (four) from the 9th grade of Elementary School II, from the Municipal School Professora Antônia Pereira da Silva, where the research was carried out. Munanga's (2004) concept of ethnicity contributes to the understanding of Brazilian ethnic diversity by separating the notion of "race" from a historical, social and cultural perspective, which complemented with the view of other authors, such as Ribeiro (1995) and Sodré (1999), on the historical aspects of the formation of the Brazilian population and on "skin color", according to Suzuki (2022), the reasons why stereotypes have been built around human color and physiognomy in the school environment were understood. The sense of the portrait as "an extension of subjectivity" in the view of Ikikami (2015), identity as a "product of history and consequently of culture", according to Hall (2014), helped this study related to the creation of portraits based on the cultural environment of the students. The methodology used was A/R/Tography according to Dias (2013) and Irwin (2008) allowing the analysis of both the process and the artistic production, highlighting the role of the teacher/artist/researcher. From the analysis of the works of the artists Angélica Dass (2012), Adriana Varejão (2017), Dalton Paula (2018) and my works (2009), of drawing practices of the construction of the human face and mixtures of colors, it generated as a result, expressive portraits of the plurality of skin tones and facial features present in the Brazilian population, based on the cultural context of the students.