Estratégia e inovação na gestão de produção de cogumelos da biodiversidade amazônica: aumento da rentabilidade e melhoria da qualidade nutricional

Abstract

The cultivation of edible mushrooms generates a nutrient-rich residue called Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS), the improper disposal of which can cause environmental impacts. Reusing this substrate is a sustainable alternative for obtaining biomass and biomolecules of biotechnological interest. This study investigated the use of SMS in the production of Pleurotus albidus and P. ostreatoroseus and in the synthesis of proteases, as well as assessing the economic viability of the process. Cultivation was carried out on substrates consisting of cupuaçu exocarp, açaí processing waste and rice bran. Fermentation took place in two cycles under controlled conditions of temperature, humidity and lighting. The reuse of the SMS resulted in high biological efficiency, productivity and nutritional composition of the basidiomes, with crops ET2 (14.8% biological efficiency, 2.3% productivity) and ET5 (151 basidiomes, 7.42% protein, 10.39% ash) standing out in the production of P. albidus. In protease synthesis, P. albidus excreted enzymes with maximum activity in ET2 (144.75 U/mL) and ET5 (461.20 U/mL), showing stability between 30 °C and 40 °C and optimum activity at 60 °C at pH 5.0 to 6.0, predominantly cysteine, aspartic and serine proteases. The P. ostreatoroseus species did not develop in the scenario and conditions proposed in this study. The economic analysis indicated a markup of 1.63934 for the production of 1,000 units. The results reinforce the potential of SMS as a sustainable substrate for industrial bioprocesses, contributing to waste reduction and adding value to the mushroom production chain.