Os impactos socioambientais da doença de Haff ou doença da urina preta na cidade de Itacoatiara/AM

Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis is a severe condition characterized by the destruction of skeletal muscle cells, releasing cellular substances into the bloodstream, which can cause damage to the kidneys and other organs. This syndrome can be triggered by severe traumatic injuries, muscle crushing, extreme physical exercise, and even adverse reactions to medications or toxic substances. Immediate medical assistance is crucial for early diagnosis and to avoid serious complications, as appropriate treatment can prevent serious sequelae or even death. In this context, the main objective of the present research is to analyze the socio-environmental impacts of Haff's Disease, also known as black urine disease, in the municipality of Itacoatiara, AM. Haff's Disease has been identified as a condition that is difficult to diagnose, primarily affecting individuals who consume freshwater fish from the Amazon region. Less than 24 hours after consumption, the first symptoms of the disease appear, which may evolve into severe clinical cases or, in more severe cases, lead to death. To achieve the general objective of this research, the following specific objectives were outlined: Identify the epidemiological profile of the population affected by Haff's Disease; Understand the socio-economic and cultural profile of affected patients; and Describe the relationship between the local environment and the incidence of Haff's Disease. These objectives aim to understand how environmental characteristics, such as aquatic ecosystems and the food chain (from phytoplankton to humans), influence the outbreak of the disease and may contribute to identifying its etiology. The research also seeks to clarify the factors that have favored the increase of epidemiological outbreaks. Interdisciplinarity, by connecting various fields of knowledge, becomes essential to understand the phenomenon in an integrated manner, as the environment is an interconnected system where climatic, environmental, and socio-economic factors are in constant interaction. Human activities, especially those aimed at the exploitation of natural resources and economic development, can cause irreversible environmental imbalances, with direct impacts on the population's quality of life and health. This study, therefore, aims to understand how environmental degradation, along with socio-economic issues, contributes to the increase of Haff's Disease outbreaks. Regarding methodology, the research was based on the analysis of an official database of patients from the José Mendes Regional Hospital (HRJM). Data were analyzed using measures of absolute and relative frequency, as well as measures of central tendency and dispersion. The research was exploratory and descriptive, utilizing bibliographic and documentary data, with a qualitative-quantitative analysis. Furthermore, content analysis was applied, allowing the categorization of results for better systematization and understanding of the data.