Mapeamento do calcário lioz nas edificacões históricas do centro de Manaus-AM: geodiversidade, patrimônio construído e criação de um roteiro virtual

Abstract

Lioz Limestone, recognized as a Heritage Stone by the International Union of Geo-logical Sciences, is widely used in historic buildings in major capitals, transcending the borders of Portugal. In Manaus, this rock characterizes a notable phase of the old Belle Époque, concentrated in the Historic Center, both in imposing buildings and in streets and avenues. Its presence in the capital of Amazonas not only allows the mapping of this material, but also documents and promotes the conservation of cul-tural heritage in a didactic, historical and educational manner. In order to carry out a detailed mapping of the form of occurrence, fossil content and documentation of Lioz Limestone in Manaus, a heritage inventory of the Historic Center was made by, se-lecting sites of geological interest that contain this stone in their structures. The main locations mapped include the Theater Amazonas, the Palacio da Justiça Cultural Center, the Adolpho Lisboa Market, Paço da Liberdade, the Dom Pedro II Square, the Dom Pedro Amazonian School, the Benjamim Constant Institute, the Manaus Metropolitan Cathedral, the Remédios Church, and paving stones along public roads. The varieties of limestone identified, such as chainette, encarnadão, amarelo negrais and first-class limestone, were grouped into structural elements (columns and door arches), functional elements (floors, sidewalks, curbs, window sills, and thresholds), and decorative elements (baptismal fonts, altars, mausoleums, tabernacles, stairs, and capitals). Most structures, such as arches and columns, use the chainette varie-ty, while functional elements, such as paving stones and curbs, use amarelo negrais limestone, and decorative elements, such as staircase coverings and sacred furni-ture, use encarnadão and first-class limestone. In the fossil content, three genera of bivalves (Caprinulas, Radiolites and Distefanella), five genera of gastropods (Neri-nea, Neoptyxis, Plesioptygmatis, Turritela and Tylostoma) and one ichnogenus of Thalassinoide were identified. The bivalves are predominantly concentrated in the chainette, encarnadão and lioz de primeira varieties, while the gastropods and ich-nofossils are more common in amarelo negrais. To complement the study, aerial im-ages were acquired to create virtual geotourism itinerary. This itinerary integrates data about the stones through panoramic images and three-dimensional models of the selected historical buildings, complemented by links, self-explanatory images, videos and 3D models of the fossil record. The tool provides an immersive and inter-active experience, promoting the integrated learning of history, geology, architecture and biology. Furthermore, it contributes to geoinformation and the conservation of stone heritage, offering a fun and technology-integrated experience for society.