Associação entre a prevalência da Sarcopenia e o nível de atividade física: um estudo com longevos da zona rural de Manaus, Amazonas

Abstract

Population aging represents an increasing challenge for public health, especially in Amazonian and rural contexts, where access to healthcare services is limited and social vulnerabilities are heightened. Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle strength, mass, and performance, is a major geriatric issue associated with functional disability, falls, and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia and its relationship with physical activity levels in the oldest-old adults (≥80 years) living in rural areas of Manaus, Amazonas. It is an epidemiological, population-based, cross-sectional study conducted with 98 participants across six rural communities. Data collection included sociodemographic, clinical, and functional information obtained through a multidimensional protocol. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to EWGSOP2 criteria, using handgrip strength (dynamometry), muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), and gait speed test (physical performance). Physical activity level was measured by pedometer over seven consecutive days. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney test, Pearson’s Chi-Square test, Spearman’s Correlation, and Linear Regression. Results showed a significant prevalence of sarcopenia among the oldest-old, with statistically relevant differences in handgrip strength (p<0.001) and average daily step count (p<0.01). Older adults with sarcopenia walked, on average, 3,635 fewer steps per day compared to those without the condition (β = -3635; p < 0.001). Sarcopenia was also associated with factors such as hypertension, alcohol consumption, and altered body mass index (p<0.05). Low physical activity levels are associated with the presence of sarcopenia among the oldest-old in rural Manaus. These findings reinforce the need for public policies aimed at promoting physical activity and comprehensive care tailored to Amazonian specificities, with a focus on preventing disabilities and fostering active aging.