Metodologias ativas na aprendizagem de Biologia com ênfase no contexto amazônico

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes how the active methodology Problem-Based Learning (PBL) contributes to the teaching and learning process of high school students in the Amazonian context. Considering the pedagogical challenges faced in teaching Biology, especially in regions marked by social inequalities and lack of resources, the research starts from the need to rethink traditional school practices, proposing more meaningful, contextualized and student-centered approaches. The study's general objective is to analyze how Problem-Based Learning (PBL) contributes to the teaching and learning process of high school students in the Amazonian context. To this end, a qualitative, descriptive and participatory approach was adopted, carried out in a public school in the city of Manaus, Amazonas. Data collection was carried out through a didactic intervention structured in two stages: a theoretical one, on sustainable consumption and socio-environmental issues, and a practical one, with the application of PBL, in addition to the holding of focus groups with students. Data analysis was based on the Content Analysis technique, according to Bardin (2016), and was guided by theoretical frameworks such as John Dewey and Howard Barrows. The results indicate that PBL favored student engagement, expanded their capacity for critical reflection, and provided more meaningful learning, connected to the Amazonian reality. They also revealed challenges related to student autonomy and previous experience with active methodologies. It is concluded that PBL constitutes a powerful didactic strategy for teaching Biology in the Amazonian context, especially because it articulates scientific knowledge and local knowledge, promotes student protagonism, and stimulates critical training. The research reinforces the importance of pedagogical practices that value experience, investigation, and the collective construction of knowledge as paths to transformative education.