Prevalência de doença renal crônica em decorrência de complicações obstétricas

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a gradual decline in nephron function, resulting in the inability to effectively filter blood and maintain homeostasis. It is recognized as a prevalent public health problem on a global scale, with women and obstetric complications, such as Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP), acknowledged as long-term risk factors. Objective:To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease resulting from obstetric complications in women treated in Manaus. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and documentary study conducted through the analysis of medical records from high-risk maternity hospitals and hemodialysis units in Manaus. A total of 1,478 medical records were found from 2018 to 2024, resulting in a final sample of 170 eligible records. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05). Results: The sample was characterized by young women (mean = 27.86 ± 7.73 years), brown-skinned (92.35%), and from rural areas (70.59%), suggesting high social vulnerability. Obstetric complications were predominant, with Pre-eclampsia (35.3%) and Eclampsia (32.35%) standing out. The prevalence of women undergoing dialysis treatment was only 3.53% (n=6). The inferential analysis, although limited by extreme sample imbalance, revealed that Age was the only variable with a statistically significant difference between the treatment and non-treatment groups (p = 0.047), indicating late diagnosis.Conclusion: The high incidence of Hypertensive Syndromes in Pregnancy in the sample establishes a substantial long-term risk of Chronic Kidney Disease, which is worsened by the selection and referral bias of the service, masking the true prevalence and confirming the population's vulnerability. The development of postpartum kidney screening protocols in the Unified Health System for this high-risk population in the North Region is urgent.