Mudanças ambientais na pesca ribeirinha: estudo de caso com abordagem etnoecológica no Sistema Lago Grande de Manacapuru/AM

Abstract

Fishing is most traditional occupation in the Amazon, becoming an important activity in economy, human occupation process in region, livelihoods coastal communities, but also in culture, becoming depository information to dynamics resources and environment aquatic. In this context, it is possible to predict environmental changes as additional factors disruption to livelihoods coastal communities, especially those associated with global climate change, in relation to increased frequency and intensity extreme events in Amazon region, mainly extreme drought. This study aimed to verify Fishermen Riverine’s Local Ecological Knowledge about environmental changes in Great Lake System Manacapuru-AM and its possible effects on riverine artisanal fishing livelihoods, emphasizing extreme events, from case study. Consultations in project database "Subnet BASPA - Basis for sustainable fisheries in Amazon-BASPA" performed during period 2006 and 2008 on productive activities in System Grand Lake Manacapuru. Information compared with data current, which collected through semi-structured interviews with 41 riverside residents that site and which experienced extreme drought events, in 2005 and 2010, and extreme floods, in 2009 and 2012. Analysis descriptive statistics, Z Test, Analysis of Consensus - Fidelity Level and Risk Perception Analysis. Finally, it concluded that fish is main source protein of coastal communities, taking place practice of fisheries artisanal livelihoods, demonstrating total profundity and adaptive ecological knowledge with seasonality of water. According to LEK riverine, extreme drought is risk factor in locality, causing death to fish. Fishing singled out as highs factor consensus about reduction of fish of commercial value such as tambaqui and pirarucu. Deforestation seen as main cause of changes in fishing environments in system.