A Educação Sexual nos anos finais do ensino fundamental II das escolas urbanas de Humaitá-AM

Abstract

Discussions on the topic of Sexual Education still face many obstacles, reflecting prejudices and taboos in the school context and in society. Therefore, teachers need continued pedagogical training to carry out reflections and debates related to the topic. The main objective of this work is to analyze the theme “sexuality” and “sexual education” based on the teachers' conception and the bimonthly plan in the context of science teaching in the final years of elementary school in public schools in Humaitá-AM. To achieve this general objective, the following specific objectives were defined: I) Identify the conceptions of Science teachers on teaching the themes “sexuality” and “sexual education”; II) Understand the legislation related to teaching the subject; III) Understand how sexual education has been addressed in the school context by science teachers and IV) Demonstrate the importance of the school health program (PSE) focusing on the prevention of STIs and reproductive health. The research is characterized as a described and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, composed of bibliographical, documentary and field research (using semi-structured interviews with six Science teachers who work in the final years of Elementary School in municipal and state public schools, based on the discursive textual analysis (DTA) proposed by Moraes and Galliazi (2011)). In view of the analysis of the results, it was possible to notice that the majority of teachers in the municipal and state public education network understand that sexual education needs to be focused on biological-hygienic education, aiming to inform the student about knowledge of their own body, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, the appropriate use of condoms and teenage pregnancy, which are extremely important topics for discussion in sexual education classes, but which are not always debated in depth. Regarding the obstacles that Science teachers face when approaching Sexual Education, they are linked to the lack of specific teacher training, the immaturity of students, opposition from family and religion, conservatism and lack of resources. From this perspective, the interviews also demonstrated the need for initial training, in undergraduate courses, and continued training with a specific theme, related to Sexual Education in Science Teaching. Furthermore, it is hoped that the study will help teachers rethink their pedagogical practices in the context of education in the interior of the state of Amazonas, where opportunities for continuing education are quite limited. Through this work, we seek to broaden the recognition of this topic and the need to improve science teaching in basic education schools, so that sex education can contribute to the formation of a critical and emancipated individual, whose principles are ethics and respect for others.